Solar combisystems (SCS) are systems providing space heating and domestic hot water preparation (DHW) for buildings using thermal solar energy and an auxiliary energy.
After a short overview of the different technologies available on the market, we will discuss the performances of these systems, either through in-situ monitoring, or through laboratory testing with the development of test methodologies adapted to these systems. A focus on semi-virtual test methods will be carried out and the first results on works in progress within INES will be presented.
The second part of this paper will be dedicated to the solar combisystems future developments distinguishing two main market sectors : SCS for low-energy houses (passive houses), and SCS for new and old existing houses with larger space heating loads. Whereas the first market sector will imply to conceive completely innovating systems since the energy media is air, the second sector will remain with water as energy media but will include many new developments like enhanced energy storage, improved and advanced control strategies, and new manufacturing methods.

Solar combisystems (SCS) are systems providing space heating and domestic hot water preparation (DHW) for buildings using thermal solar energy and an auxiliary energy.
After a short overview of the different technologies available on the market, we will discuss the performances of these systems, either through in-situ monitoring, or through laboratory testing with the development of test methodologies adapted to these systems. A focus on semi-virtual test methods will be carried out and the first results on works in progress within INES will be presented.
The second part of this paper will be dedicated to the solar combisystems future developments distinguishing two main market sectors : SCS for low-energy houses (passive houses), and SCS for new and old existing houses with larger space heating loads. Whereas the first market sector will imply to conceive completely innovating systems since the energy media is air, the second sector will remain with water as energy media but will include many new developments like enhanced energy storage, improved and advanced control strategies, and new manufacturing methods.

Hot weather days cause often large fresh milk defect in southern developing countries dairy farms as well as in rural areas where there is a scarcity of energy sources that could run cooling equipments. Consequently, the possibility to use solar cooling starts to be considered
an attractive solution. The aim of the work presented is to develop an innovative solar thermally driven cooling concept, to be used for received fresh milk in a dairy factory in the city of Marrakech, Morocco. The work has been carried out in the framework of the EC cofunded project (i.e., MEDISCO).

Hot weather days cause often large fresh milk defect in southern developing countries dairy farms as well as in rural areas where there is a scarcity of energy sources that could run cooling equipments. Consequently, the possibility to use solar cooling starts to be considered
an attractive solution. The aim of the work presented is to develop an innovative solar thermally driven cooling concept, to be used for received fresh milk in a dairy factory in the city of Marrakech, Morocco. The work has been carried out in the framework of the EC cofunded project (i.e., MEDISCO).

In the frame of the project MODESTORE, funded by the EU, at the Fraunhofer Institut for Solar Energy Systems an adsorption chiller with a capacity of 5.5 kW combined with a geothermal probes was installed. The installation will be used as heat pump for heating and as thermally driven chiller for solar cooling application. The installed adsorption chiller offers both kinds of use. The system concept and the operation data available so far are presented in the document.

Im Rahmen des von der EU geförderten Projektes MODESTORE wurde am Fraunhofer Institut für Solare Energiesysteme eine 5.5KW Adsorptionskältemaschinen in Kombination mit Erdsonden installiert. Die installierte Anlage hat zum Ziel, sowohl als Heizung in ihrer Funktion als Wärmepumpe als auch zum solaren
Kühlen in ihrer Funktion als thermisch angetriebene Kältemaschine eingesetzt zu werden. Mit der zum Einsatz kommenden Adsorptionsmaschine ist dies prinzipiell möglich. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird das Systemkonzept und bislang erreichte Betriebsdaten vorgestellt.

This report gives information on the work carried out and the results obtained in Denmark on storages for large solar heating plants in district heating networks.
In the report storage types for short term storage and long term storages are described. Short term storages are done as steel tanks and is well established technology widely used in district heating networks.
Long term storages are experimental and used in connection with solar heating.
A number of solar heating plants have been established with either short term or long term storages showing economy competitive with normal energy sources.
The report gives information on the companies involved in the development.

This report gives information on the work carried out and the results obtained in Denmark on storages for large solar heating plants in district heating networks.
In the report storage types for short term storage and long term storages are described. Short term storages are done as steel tanks and is well established technology widely used in district heating networks.
Long term storages are experimental and used in connection with solar heating.
A number of solar heating plants have been established with either short term or long term storages showing economy competitive with normal energy sources.
The report gives information on the companies involved in the development.

The document, developed by more than 100 experts organized in the European Solar Thermal Technology Platform (ESTTP) describes the research efforts and infrastructure needed to reach the goal of supplying 50% of the energy needed for heating in cooling with solar thermal energy. A deployment roadmap shows the non-technological framework conditions that enable the reaching of this goal.

The document, developed by more than 100 experts organized in the European Solar Thermal Technology Platform (ESTTP) describes the research efforts and infrastructure needed to reach the goal of supplying 50% of the energy needed for heating in cooling with solar thermal energy. A deployment roadmap shows the non-technological framework conditions that enable the reaching of this goal.

Ammonia has been used as refrigerant for more than one hundred years and is well known for giving highly energy efficient systems. Compared to most other refrigerants systems with ammonia have some peculiarities which are specific to this refrigerant: The systems cannot be designed in copper as ammonia is corrosive to this metal. Instead, steel piping is usually used. Most oils are not miscible with ammonia, leading to separation of the oil from the refrigerant. Therefore specific precautions have to be made to arrange for the oil return. This tends to make the systems more complex, and may have been a hindrance for the introduction of ammonia in small systems.

Ammonia has been used as refrigerant for more than one hundred years and is well known for giving highly energy efficient systems. Compared to most other refrigerants systems with ammonia have some peculiarities which are specific to this refrigerant: The systems cannot be designed in copper as ammonia is corrosive to this metal. Instead, steel piping is usually used. Most oils are not miscible with ammonia, leading to separation of the oil from the refrigerant. Therefore specific precautions have to be made to arrange for the oil return. This tends to make the systems more complex, and may have been a hindrance for the introduction of ammonia in small systems.

This reports reviews standards for biomass products and solar thermal. The obojecive is to make the interested stakeholders aware of the technology developments, and standards and labels (particularly, Solar Keymark scheme) for the concerned technologies and biomass products in the "old" EU member states.

This report reviews standards for biomass products and solar thermal. The obojecive is to make the interested stakeholders aware of the technology developments, and standards and labels (particularly, Solar Keymark scheme) for the concerned technologies and biomass products in the "old" EU member states.

The state of solar energy in Poland is presented in the article (solar collectors
and PV systems). The resources, present state of solar market, legal
regulations and methods of testing of solar collectors are also described.

W artykule został przedstawiony stan rozwoju energetyki słonecznej (kolektory słoneczne i ogniwa PV). Opracowanie zawiera opis rynku, regulacje prawne i metody testowania kolektorów słonecznych.

This document is a result of the second goal of the New4Old project as it is a guideline that gives an overview of the possibilities of integrating RES and RUE in historical buildings.
Resulting from the respect for the historical elements of buildings the guidelines are divided in 3 parts, where a clear separation is used in exterior and interior changes of the building and as a third part the monitoring and controlling of energy and comfort aspects is discussed:
- PART I: The outside of the building
- PART II: The inside of the building
- PART III: Regulation and control

This document is a result of the second goal of the New4Old project as it is a guideline that gives an overview of the possibilities of integrating RES and RUE in historical buildings.
Resulting from the respect for the historical elements of buildings the guidelines are divided in 3 parts, where a clear separation is used in exterior and interior changes of the building and as a third part the monitoring and controlling of energy and comfort aspects is discussed:
- PART I: The outside of the building
- PART II: The inside of the building
- PART III: Regulation and control

Passive downdraught evaporative cooling (PDEC)involves spraying controlled volumes of microscopic water droplets into hot, dry ambient air, thereby causing it to cool and descend into a capture zone within a building. From here the cool air enters the adjacent occupied spaces through carefully sized and controlled openings. Close collaboration is needed between architects and engineers for PDEC to work well.

Passive downdraught evaporative cooling (PDEC)involves spraying controlled volumes of microscopic water droplets into hot, dry ambient air, thereby causing it to cool and descend into a capture zone within a building. From here the cool air enters the adjacent occupied spaces through carefully sized and controlled openings. Close collaboration is needed between architects and engineers for PDEC to work well.